Software, Operating System and Types of Software, Operating Systems

A set of instructions that tells the computer about the tasks to be performed and how these tasks are to performed, is known as Software.

The set of instructions, which control the sequence of operations, are known as Program. It is a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task with a computer.

Application software is a group of program designed for fulfill the demand of end user e.g. MS office, PowerPoint, Windows Media Player.

System software is a program which is created for the system and to make the system user friendly such as operating system or is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs.

Utility software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer such antivirus software.

Operating System:

Operating system is a set of programs that help in controlling and managing the hardware and the software resources of a computer system.

 Main functions of operating system are :-

-Process management

-Memory management

-File management

-Security

-Command and interpretation

-Resource allocation

Types of OS:

1)Batch operating system : Here data and program that need to be processed are bundled and collected as a batch and executed together.

2)Multiprogramming operating system : It allows the instruction and data from two or more separate process to reside in primary simultaneously. Multiprogramming system are multitasking multiuser and multiprocessing operating system.

3)Single user : It is designed for single user and a single person use it at a time i.e. DOS window’s 95 etc.

4)Distributed operating system : It is the one which manages a collection of independent computers and makes them appear to the user of the system as a single computer.

5)Real Time Operating System (RTOS) : It is a computing environment that reacts to input within a specific time period. It is used at those Places in which we Requires higher and Timely Response.

6) Time Sharing System: A time sharing system allows the many users to simultaneously share the computer resources. Since each action or command in a time-shared system take a very small fraction of time, only a little CPU time is needed for each user.